Hyperbaric air mobilizes stem cells in humans; a new perspective on the hormetic dose curve.

Introduction: Hyperbaric air (HBA) was first used pharmaceutically in 1662 to treat lung disease. Extensive use in Europe and North America followed throughout the 19th century to treat pulmonary and neurological disorders. HBA reached its zenith in the early 20th century when cyanotic, moribund "Spanish flu pandemic" patients turned normal color and regained consciousness within minutes after HBA treatment. Since that time the 78% Nitrogen fraction in HBA has been completely displaced by 100% oxygen to create the modern pharmaceutical hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), a powerful treatment that is FDA approved for multiple indications. Current belief purports oxygen as the active element mobilizing stem progenitor cells (SPCs) in HBOT, but hyperbaric air, which increases tensions of both oxygen and nitrogen, has been untested until now. In this study we test HBA for SPC mobilization, cytokine and chemokine expression, and complete blood count. Methods: Ten 34-35-year-old healthy volunteers were exposed to 1.27ATA (4 psig/965 mmHg) room air for 90 min, M-F, for 10 exposures over 2-weeks. Venous blood samples were taken: (1) prior to the first exposure (served as the control for each subject), (2) directly after the first exposure (to measure the acute effect), (3) immediately prior to the ninth exposure (to measure the chronic effect), and (4) 3 days after the completion of tenth/final exposure (to assess durability). SPCs were gated by blinded scientists using Flow Cytometry. Results: SPCs (CD45dim/CD34+/CD133-) were mobilized by nearly two-fold following 9 exposures (p = 0.02) increasing to three-fold 72-h post completion of the final (10th) exposure (p = 0.008) confirming durability. Discussion: This research demonstrates that SPCs are mobilized, and cytokines are modulated by hyperbaric air. HBA likely is a therapeutic treatment. Previously published research using HBA placebos should be re-evaluated to reflect a dose treatment finding rather than finding a placebo effect. Our findings of SPC mobilization by HBA support further investigation into hyperbaric air as a pharmaceutical/therapy.

Improving Palliative Care and Medical Assistance in Dying Practice in Canada: How Patients-Partners Could Contribute to Continuing Medical Education.

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) is still considered an evolving practice in Canada. Practitioners are facing the challenge of staying up to date and hence need efficient continuing medical education (CME). A patient-partner has been recently invited as a keynote speaker to CME activities in Canada to share her perspectives and views about patient engagement in palliative care and MAiD practice, calling for compassion. To our knowledge, few data exist on patient-partners' contribution to CME on these topics. Based on that experience, we discuss different issues on patient engagement's contribution in such CME events and call for further research.

Grappling with the Complexity of Behavioral Processes in Human Psychological Suffering: Some Potential Insights from Relational Frame Theory.

Relational frame theory (RFT) has historically been considered the basic explanatory science behind acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). However, some have argued that there has been an increasing separation between the two in recent years. The primary aim of the current article is to explore the extent to which RFT concepts, particularly those that have been proposed recently in the context of "up-dating" the theory, may be used to build stronger links between basic and applied behavior analyses in which there is a shared language of relatively precise technical terms. As an example of this strategy, we outline RFT process-based experimental and conceptual analyses of the impact of one of the most widely used sets of interventions employed in the ACT literature, defusion. In addition, we suggest a potential experimental methodology for analyzing the basic behavioral processes involved. Overall, the current article should be seen as part of a broader research agenda that aims to explore how RFT may be used to provide a functional-analytic abstractive treatment of the behavioral processes involved in human psychological suffering.

O florir da violeta: um estudo de caso em avaliação terapêutica / The flowering of violet: a case study in therapeutic assessment / La flor de la violeta: un estudio de caso en evaluación terapéutica

A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)

The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)

La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)

[The psychiatric hospital in search of an extra soul]. / L'hôpital psychiatrique à la recherche d'un supplément d'âme.

The evocation of the meaning of the patients' suffering and their quest for appeasement refocuses the reflection on the missions of the psychiatric hospital around reception and accompaniment. It reminds us above all of the role of the carers in psychiatry, between availability, listening and benevolence. The maintenance of the link between the caregiver and the patient, in an atmosphere of trust, is essential to the care and quality of the accompaniment. We must not forget this.

[Experienced violence and enacted violence: The place of somatic expression]. / Violences subies, violences agies : la place de l'expression somatique du repérage à l'expertise.

Being a victim of violence and neglect during childhood can expose minors to significant health repercussions on the physical, psychological, psycho-affective and neuro-developmental levels.. Self- and hetero-aggressive violences in all age groups are now considered to be possible consequences of these severe adverse experiences. The place of the body is essential in this context. The body, often considered as the only tangible and opposable marker of violence, has a singular and integral place in the psyche and overall health. It is an important vector in order for professionals to have access to the child. The examination of the body allows the expression of violence and its formulation from a very young age, especially during clinical examinations in situations of possible danger. It also "speaks" in situations of malaise, growth disorder, self or heteroaggressive acts. During the adolescence, it can also be attacked by scarification, dietary restrictions, mutilations, early and risky sexual activity, prostitution.. By taking jointly both the body and the psyche, children and adolescents find a unity, are no longer fragmented. It is this unity that will allow the continuation of more specific care and more specifically child psychiatric support. This joint concern of paediatricians, general practitioners, child psychiatrists and psychologists will also ensure, particularly during adolescence, the continuation of health monitoring. It is essential to think about these collaborations from the first meeting with children and adolescents who are victims or perpetrators of violence. Encountering child and adolescent victims of violence confronts practitioners with a reality that is difficult to see and to conceive. Although the continuum between suffered violence and perpetrated violence seems to be better known today, these different situations remain difficult to understand and to manage. We believe that the violence that is perpetrated can be a screen for the causes of the violence and for the response to the needs of minors, particularly in terms of health. For practitioners, going to meet children and adolescents who are perpetrators of violence entails to be able to take a "step aside" from the classical representations of aggression or aggressiveness, whether they are directed towards third parties or towards the minor himself. Access to the somatic examination and medical history of these children or adolescents must be fully integrated from the first meeting. Associating health in all its aspects (somatic, psychic and social) then allows for specific care to be provided, regardless of their nature and place. This initial integrated practice allows us to take care of children and adolescents and highlights the notion of otherness that is undermined in situations of violence or neglect, particularly when they occur in the family environment. This initial joint somatic and psychological care in a single unit enables re-establishment of a dialogue with the minors and their parents. The shared competencies and the links that unite these different professionals together constitutes already therapeutic care. By reintroducing a dialogue about the children and adolescents and their overall health, the response to their needs can be perceived as a common and reachable objective that inscribes the minor in the temporality and extracts him or her from the immediacy of a punctually repressed act.

Assisted dying requests from people in detention: Psychiatric, ethical, and legal considerations-A literature review.

The principle of equivalence of care states that prisoners must have access to the same standard of health care as the general population. If, as recent court decisions suggest, assisted dying is not limited to people with a terminal physical illness or irremediable suffering, it might also be requested by people with severe mental illness in detention. Some of the countries with legal regulations on assisted dying also have recommendations on how to handle requests from prisoners. However, detention itself can lead to psychological distress and suicidality, so we must consider whether and how people in such settings can make autonomous decisions. Ethical conflicts arise with regard to an individual's free will, right to life, and physical and personal integrity and to the right of a state to inflict punishment. Furthermore, people in prison often receive insufficient mental health care. In this review, we compare different practices for dealing with requests for assisted dying from people in prison and forensic psychiatric facilities and discuss the current ethical and psychiatric issues concerning assisted dying in such settings.

[Reconstructive surgery for congenital malformations of breast and thorax"Changing the life"]. / Chirurgie réparatrice des malformations congénitales du sein et du thorax "Changer la vie".

The life of young girls and boys with congenital breast and thoracic malformations is more a matter of survival than of living, burdened by severe body image damage. Positively changing their lives is what these girls or young men are calling us to do. Our duty is certainly to understand their malformation, but also to understand its repercussions and thus to draw the most appropriate treatment. It is in this perspective that this report should be read.

Psychological Suffering, Medicalization and Women: Contributions in the Field of Public Health / Sofrimento Psicológico, Medicalização e Mulher: Contribuições no Campo da Saúde Pública / Angustia Psicológica, Medicalización y Mujeres: Contribuciones en el Campo de la Salud Pública

In recent years we have seen a growing psychological suffering in women attended in primary health care in developing countries. This paper aims to analyze psychological suffering in a small city in northeastern Brazil and its relationship with medicalization. We applied 202 SRQ-20 questionnaires in 3 Basic Health Units in the first research step, which were analyzed with statistical support. In the second step, four women were interviewed in the primary health care service and the data were analyzed from Institutional Ethnography perspective. The results demonstrated a high number of primary health care users in psychological suffering (47.02%). The data also points to a significant prevalence of women in psychological suffering, the use of medicines and the struggles in dealing with the difficulties of everyday life. The medicalization of psychological suffering appeared several times in this study through the invisibility of these sufferings under the blanket of biomedical and medicalizing discourse. Those facts can affect contemporary women and the contradictions of being a woman in a capitalist and patriarchal society. (AU)

Nos últimos anos temos visto um crescimento de sofrimento psicológico em mulheres atendidas na assistência de saúde primária em países em desenvolvimento. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o sofrimento psicológico em uma pequena cidade no Nordeste do Brasil e sua relação com a medicalização. Aplicamos 202 questionários SRQ-20 na primeira etapa da pesquisa em 3 unidades de saúde pública. Na segunda etapa, quatro mulheres foram entrevistadas e os dados foram analisados com o apoio da Etnografia Institucional. Os resultados demonstraram um alto número de usuários dessas unidades de saúde pública em sofrimento psicológico (47,02%). Esses dados também apontaram para uma prevalência significante de mulheres em sofrimento psicológico, o uso de medicamentos e o esforço em lidar com as dificuldades cotidianas. A medicalização do sofrimento psicológico apareceu diversas vezes nos relatos analisados neste estudo, evidenciando a invisibilidade desses sofrimentos através do discurso biomédico e medicalizante. Esses fatores desvelam as dificuldades em viver na contradição de ser mulher na contemporaneidade inserida numa sociedade que se revela capitalista e patriarcal. (AU)

En los últimos años, hemos visto un aumento de la angustia psicológica en las mujeres atendidas en la atención primaria de salud en los países en desarrollo. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el sufrimiento psicológico en un pequeño pueblo del noreste de Brasil y su relación con la medicalización. Aplicamos 202 cuestionarios SRQ-20 en la primera etapa de la investigación en 3 unidades de salud pública. En la segunda etapa, cuatro mujeres han sido entrevistadas y los datos fueron analizados con el apoyo de la Etnografía Institucional. Los resultados mostraron un alto número de usuarios de estas unidades de salud pública en problemas psicológicos (47.02%). Estos datos también apuntaron una prevalencia significativa en las mujeres con problemas psicológicos, el uso de medicamentos y el esfuerzo para hacer frente a las dificultades diarias. La medicalización del sufrimiento psicológico apareció varias veces en los informes analizados en este estudio, mostrando la invisibilidad de estos sufrimientos a través del discurso biomédico y medicalizante. Estos factores revelan las dificultades para vivir en la contradicción de ser mujer en los tiempos contemporáneos insertos en una sociedad que se revela capitalista y patriarcal. (AU)

[Management of domestic violence in forensic emergency departments]. / Prise en charge aux urgences médico-judiciaires des violences conjugales.

In forensic emergency departments, complainants are examined by a doctor who assesses the physical and/or psychological injuries on the request of the police or courts. The nurse is involved in the admission and care of victims. She also acts as a liaison between the different parties: police services, doctors, psychologists, legal professionals, associations, etc.

Síndrome de Burnout e sofrimento em atletas de alto rendimento no esporte brasileiro / Burnout syndrome and suffering in high performance athletes in brazilian sports / Síndrome de Burnout y sufrio en atletas de alto rendimiento en el deporte brasileñomient

A Síndrome de Burnout é considerado um problema que afeta profissionais de diferentes áreas, com interferências físicas, psicológicas e sociais, podendo gerar no indivíduo incapacidade para atividades físicas ou cognitivas. Quando ocorre em atletas, além de interferir na vida pessoal e na saúde, podem acarretar impactos ao rendimento esportivo e gerar abandono do esporte. Dessa forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar como a Síndrome de Burnout e o sofrimento são compreendidos no esporte de alto rendimento em artigos de origem brasileira. Foi utilizado como método de pesquisa uma revisão da literatura com busca em cinco bases de dados bibliográficos: PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE e LILACS. O artigo destacou algumas questões relevantes e sugestões de cada um dos temas (Síndrome de Burnout e sofrimento no esporte) sugeridos pela literatura analisada. Entender como os atletas sofrem e lidam com estas questões é importante para podermos manter maior quantidade e qualidade de atletas no esporte brasileiro, pois muitos deles desistem do esporte praticado devido ao sofrimento e exigências externas.

Burnout Syndrome is considered to be a problem that affects professionals of different areas, interfering physically, psychologically and socially and can generate an inability to perform physical or cognitive activity. When it happens with athletes, in addition to interfering with the personal life and health, it can have an impact on sports performance and lead to sport abandonment. Thus, the objective of the research was to analyze in articles of Brazilian origin, how Burnout Syndrome and suffering in high performance sports are understood. The research method used was to review five bibliographic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE and LILACS. The article highlights some relevant issues and suggestions for each theme (Burnout Syndrome and sport suffering) suggested by this literature. Understanding how athletes suffer and deal with these issues is important so that we can maintain Brazilian athletes practicing in a greater quantity and quality. Given that, many of them give up sports due to suffering and external demands.

El Síndrome de Burnout es considerado un problema que afecta a profesionales de diferentes áreas, con interferencia física, psicológica y social; lo que puede causar que el individuo quede incapacitado para la actividad física o cognitiva. Cuando ocurre con los deportistas, además de interferir en la vida y la salud personal, pueden tener un impacto en el rendimiento deportivo y llevar al abandono del deporte. Así, el objetivo de la investigación fue analizar cómo son comprendidos el Síndrome de Burnout y el sufrimiento en los deportes de alto rendimiento, en artículos de origen brasileño. Se utilizó como método de investigación una revisión de la literatura con búsquedas en cinco bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE y LILACS. El artículo destacó algunas cuestiones y sugerencias relevantes para cada uno de los temas (Síndrome de Burnout y sufrimiento deportivo) sugeridos por la literatura analizada. Comprender cómo sufren los deportistas y afrontar estos problemas es importante para que podamos mantener una mayor cantidad y calidad de deportistas en el deporte brasileño, ya que muchos de ellos lo abandonan por el sufrimiento y las exigencias externas.

[Caregiver burden: From recognition to care]. / Le fardeau des aidants : de la reconnaissance à la prise en charge.

The burden of caregivers of patients with chronic diseases has been the subject of research for several years, but few studies have focused on the suffering of family members from the time of their first hospitalization in psychiatry. The identification of the determinants of this burden would allow us to propose early management aimed at improving the well-being of the patients' family and friends and maximizing intra-family resources.

[Clinic of suicidal crisis]. / Clinique de la crise suicidaire.

Nearly 5% of the general population experiences a suicidal crisis every year in France. It is essential for any caregiver to learn to recognize it and intervene appropriately. This crisis most often occurs in a context of stress combined with individual vulnerability factors that causes the individual to lose their balance. The clinical presentation for suicidal crisis vary from one subject to another. It is usually fluctuating and temporary. The subject does not want to die; he wants to stop suffering. The suicidal act is the dreaded but not systematic outcome of the suicidal crisis. Here we will set out the general principles of the assessment of the suicidal crisis.

A função do cuidar e os vínculos / The caring function an its links / El papel del cuidado y los lazos

O autor pretende discutir alguns aspectos da função do cuidar. Do lugar do psicoterapeuta, que precisa acolher, tanto as demandas explícitas do paciente, como ouvir as mensagens que ecoam dos traumas e das vivências não elaboradas. Do lugar do paciente que busca ajuda para os seus sofrimentos psíquicos, sofrimentos estes que às vezes o impede de reconhecer as dores que também infringe. Quer na vivência dual das sessões de psicoterapia, quer na ressonância provocada pela vivência das terapias grupais, é em um lento processo de reconhecimento e elaboração que surgem as possibilidades de cuidar. Assim, cuidar é dar o suporte necessário para o processo entre o (re) conhecimento de sua dor, seus vínculos, e se (re) conhecer como sujeito histórico, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de novos recursos psíquicos, para as elaborações necessárias.

The author intends to discuss some aspects of the caring function. From the psychotherapist's position that needs to welcome both the explicit demands of the patient and listen to the messages echoing from the traumas and experiences that have not been worked out. From the patient's side, looking for help to solve his psychological sufferings, in such way that, sometimes, it prevents him/her from recognizing the pain that he/she infringes. Both as experience dual existence of psychotherapy sessions and the resonance provoked by the group therapies which involves a slow process of recognition and elaboration that emerges from the possibilities of taking care. So, caring means giving the necessary support to the process between acknowledge of the pain, its links and (re) discovering him herself as a historical subject, enabling the development of new psychic resources for the necessary elaborations.

El autor tiene la intención de discutir algunos aspectos de la función asistencial. Desde el lugar del psicoterapeuta, que debe aceptar tanto las demandas explícitas del paciente como escuchar los mensajes que resuenan del trauma y las experiencias poco elaboradas. Desde el lugar del paciente que busca ayuda para sus sufrimientos psíquicos, estos sufrimientos que a veces le impiden reconocer los dolores que también inflige. Tanto en la experiencia dual de las sesiones de psicoterapia como en la resonancia provocada por la experiencia de las terapias grupales, es en un lento proceso de reconocimiento y elaboración que surgen las posibilidades del cuidado. Por lo tanto, tener cuidado es proporcionar el apoyo necesario para el proceso entre (re) conocer su dolor, sus vínculos y (re) conocerse a sí mismos como un sujeto histórico, permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevos recursos psíquicos para las elaboraciones necesarias.

Catastrofismo ante el dolor en estudiantes de baile flamenco de conservatorios profesionales de danza / Pain catastrophizing among professional dance conservatoire flamenco students

Introducción: El baile flamenco se caracteriza por una fuerte impronta emocional y sobre todo por el carácter percutivo desus zapateados realizados con un calzado tradicional de tacón. Esta danza supone altas demandas de esfuerzo con sus con-siguientes riesgos de lesión, dolor y efectos emocionales asociados. El catastrofismo juega un papel esencial en la valoracióndel contexto y la experiencia del dolor. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos; en primer lugar, analizar la incidencia general delcatastrofismo en estudiantes de baile flamenco y; en segundo lugar, determinar la repercusión sobre el catastrofismo de lapráctica profesional en aquellas bailaoras que aun siendo estudiantes actúan escénicamente. Material y método: La muestra analizada consta de 70 alumnas de Conservatorios Profesionales de Danza de Andalucía(17.67±5.65 años); el 44.29% (n=31), también bailaban profesionalmente. Las bailaoras cumplimentaron la Escala de Catas-trofismo ante el Dolor (ECD). Resultados: Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas en las categorías: rumiación, magnificación, ni en el globaldel catastrofismo ante el dolor al comparar participantes que sólo eran estudiantes de baile y las que además, tenían carácterprofesional. En cambio, en la dimensión de desesperación sí se observa una tendencia significativa entre ambos grupos,estudiantes y profesionales, acentuada en este último grupo. Conclusiones: El desarrollo profesional artístico en escena ante espectadores puede desencadenar estados de ansiedadque pueden llegar a tener una asociación directamente proporcional a los niveles de catastrofismo. Quizás, el hecho de serestudiante y, a la vez, ejercer la profesión de bailaora suponga una mayor carga física y mental que puede desencadenardeterminados procesos psicológicos.(AU)

Introduction: Flamenco is marked by the deep emotional impression it creates and its percussive footwork steps, performedin traditional high-heeled shoes. It places high demands on the dancer which leads to risks of injury, pain and associatedemotional repercussions. Catastrophizing is a key factor determining how the context is valued and pain is experienced. The objectives of this study were: firstly, to analyse the general incidence of catastrophizing among flamenco students andsecondly, to determine the repercussion this has on catastrophizing in professional practice among dancers who perform onstage even though they are still students. Material and method: The sample analyses 70 students from the Conservatorios Profesionales de Danza de Andalucía (Anda-lusian Professional Conservatoires for Dance) (17.67±5.65 years old); 44.29% (n=31) also danced professionally. The dancerscompleted the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Results: The results do not show significant differences in categories: rumination, magnification, nor in the overall catastro-phizing of pain when comparing participants who were dance students with those who also danced professionally. However,in terms of helplessness, there is a significant difference between both groups, with those who danced both as students andprofessionals displaying higher levels of helplessness than those who were only students.Conclusions: The artistic professional development on stage before spectators can trigger anxiety states that can have adirectly proportional association to the levels of catastrophism. Perhaps being a student at the same time as dancing profes-sionally signifies a greater physical and mental load which can lead to certain psychological processes.(AU)

Ansiedade, afeto negativo e estresse de docentes em atividade remota durante a pandemia da Covid-19 / Anxiety, negative affect, and stress of faculty in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic / Ansiedad, afecto negativo y estrés de docentes en actividad remota durante la pandemia de Covid-19

Resumo O trabalho pedagógico remoto emergencial foi implementado em muitas escolas do Brasil durante a pandemia da Covid-19, como forma de diminuir os contatos entre indivíduos e, consequentemente, diminuir a taxa de transmissão da doença, mantendo aulas e atividades didáticas. Em muitas situações, professoras e professores realizaram atividades que descaracterizam sua identidade docente e conflitam com atividades domésticas, produzindo mal-estar e sofrimento. Em pesquisa de coorte em duas fases, o sofrimento psicológico de professores e professoras da Educação Básica foram analisados em função da quantidade de trabalho remoto, do gênero, da quantidade de trabalho doméstico e da experiência prévia. O trabalho remoto emergencial produziu efeitos na Ansiedade-estado, Afeto negativo e Estresse percebido − e essas respostas foram moderadas pela experiência prévia. Mulheres apresentaram maiores respostas que homens, um efeito mediado principalmente pela quantidade de trabalho doméstico realizada pela professora. Os participantes referenciaram principalmente dimensões laborais negativas e dimensões afetivas quando levados a pensar sobre o trabalho remoto, com menor saturação de respostas relacionadas a dimensões laborais positivas, à aprendizagem e a questões político-econômicas. Esses resultados sugerem que o trabalho remoto emergencial exacerba o estresse docente, apontando para precarização do trabalho docente e necessidade de implementação de políticas que mitiguem esses impactos.

Abstract Emergency remote pedagogical work was implemented in many schools in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, as a way to reduce contacts between individuals and, consequently, reduce the rate of disease transmission, maintaining classes and educational activities. In many situations, teachers and teachers carried out activities that mischaracterize their teaching identity and conflict with domestic activities, producing discomfort and suffering. In a two-phase cohort study, the psychological suffering of Basic Education teachers were analyzed as a function of the amount of remote work, gender, the amount of housework and previous experience. Emergency remote work had effects on State Anxiety, Negative Affect and Perceived Stress − and these responses were moderated by previous experience. Women had higher responses than men, an effect mediated mainly by the amount of housework performed by the teacher. Participants mainly referred to negative work dimensions and affective dimensions when led to think about remote work, with less saturation of answers related to positive work dimensions, learning and political-economic issues. These results suggest that emergency remote work exacerbates teacher stress, pointing to the precariousness of teaching work and the need to implement policies that mitigate these impacts.

Resumen El trabajo pedagógico remoto de emergencia se implementó en muchas escuelas de Brasil durante la pandemia Covid-19, como una forma de reducir los contactos entre las personas y, en consecuencia, disminuir la tasa de transmisión de la enfermedad, manteniendo las clases y actividades educativas. En muchas situaciones, profesoras y profesores realizaron actividades que distorsionan su identidad docente y entran en conflicto con las actividades domésticas, produciendo malestar y sufrimiento. En un estudio de cohorte de dos fases, se analizó el sufrimiento psicológico de los docentes de Educación Básica en función de la cantidad de trabajo remoto, de género, de la cantidad de tareas domésticas y de la experiencia previa. El trabajo remoto de emergencia tuvo efectos sobre la Ansiedad-estado, el Afecto negativo y el Estrés percibido - y estas respuestas fueron moderadas por la experiencia previa. Las mujeres tuvieron respuestas más altas que los hombres, efecto mediado principalmente por la cantidad de tareas domésticas realizadas por las profesoras. Los participantes se refirieron principalmente a las dimensiones negativas del trabajo y las dimensiones afectivas cuando se les indujo a pensar en el trabajo remoto, con una menor saturación de respuestas relacionadas con las dimensiones positivas del trabajo, el aprendizaje y las cuestiones político-económicas. Estos resultados sugieren que el trabajo remoto de emergencia agrava el estrés docente, apuntando a la precariedad del trabajo docente y la necesidad de implementar políticas que mitiguen estos impactos.

Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Psychological suffering by health professionals may be associated with the uncertainty of a safe workplace. Front-line professionals exposed and involved in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients are more susceptible. METHOD: This review was conducted based on papers that were published at MEDLINE, BMJ, PsycINFO, and LILACS, the according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). RESULTS: Health professionals had a higher level of anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01, OR = 1.6152; 95%CI 1.3283 to 1.9641; p < 0.0001) and depression 12.2 vs. 9.5%; p = 0.04; OR = 1.3246; 95%CI 1.0930 to 1.6053; p = 0.0042), besides somatizations and insomnia compared to professionals from other areas. CONCLUSION: Health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders. We observed a prevalence of anxiety and depression. Insomnia was a risk factor for both.

Phenomena of Psychological Sufferings Among Nepalese Stroke Survivors and Analysis of Applicability of Samkhya Philosophy for Enhancing Their Psychological Wellbeing.

INTRODUCTION: Psychological suffering is commonly found among stroke survivors, particularly in the acute stage. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the phenomenon of psychological sufferings of stroke survivors and analyze the applicability of Samkhya philosophy for enhancing their psychological wellbeing. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted at a university hospital of Nepal among 16 stroke patients in the acute stage, selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. Additionally, the analysis of Samkhya philosophy was done by using descriptive literature review from online databases. RESULTS: Stroke survivors in the acute stage experienced psychological sufferings, which were analyzed as intrinsic, extrinsic, and divine based on Samkhya philosophy. The intrinsic sufferings were (a) shock and denial with a sudden loss of normal body function, (b) worry about the possibility of lifelong disability and future life, and (c) fear and concern about the consequences of the disease to self. The extrinsic sufferings consisted of (a) worry when thinking about dependent family members and (b) feelings of making trouble or being a burden to the family members because of their dependency. The divine suffering consisted of feeling of being a burden caused by distress resulting from an inability to perform religious rituals. Samkhya philosophy explains the methods of relieving these sufferings by using yoga practice. CONCLUSION: Psychological sufferings are prevalent among Nepalese stroke survivors, and Samkhya philosophy might be one of suitable strategies to relieve these sufferings of the Hindu stroke survivors in the acute stage, and promote their psychological wellbeing. This study recommends integrating yoga in caring for stroke patients in the acute stage to promote psychological wellbeing.

Sofrimento psíquico dos universitários de enfermagem no contexto da vida acadêmica / El sufrimiento psicológico de los estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la vida académica / Psychic suffering of university nurses in the context of academic life

Objetivo: analisar o sofrimento psíquico entre universitários de enfermagem no contexto da vida acadêmica. Método: pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 20 universitários do último semestre de enfermagem, de uma universidade pública no Nordeste, Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos por perguntas abertas, entre março de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017, e avaliados pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os motivos de sofrimento psíquico foram as dificuldades de adaptação dos universitários no início do curso, conflitos durante a formação e expectativas quanto ao término da graduação. Diante disso, as consequências identificadas foram dificuldades alimentares, estresse e sintomas de depressão. Os modos de viver dos universitários são influenciados pelas vivências acadêmicas, inclusive os hábitos alimentares, excesso de trabalho e falta de lazer. Eles podem ser precursores de problemas graves de saúde, como ideação suicida. Conclusão: sugere-se ampliar estratégias de prevenção e manejo clínico na universidade articulado aos serviços de saúde mental.

Objective: to analyze the psychic suffering among nursing students in the context of academic life. Method: descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, carried out with 20 university students from the last semester of nursing, from a public university in the Northeast, Brazil. The data were produced by open-ended questions, between March 2016 and February 2017, and evaluated by content analysis. Results: the reasons for psychological suffering were the difficulties of adapting the university students at the beginning of the course, conflicts during training and expectations regarding the end of graduation. Given this, the consequences identified were dietary difficulties, stress and symptoms of depression. The way of life of university students is influenced by academic experiences, including eating habits, overwork and lack of leisure. They can be precursors of serious health problems, such as suicidal ideation. Conclusion: it is suggested to expand prevention and clinical management strategies at the university linked to mental health services.

Objetivo: analizar el sufrimiento psicológico en estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la vida académica. Método: investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo, realizada con 20 estudiantes universitarios del último semestre de enfermería, de una universidad pública del Noreste, Brasil. Los datos se elaboraron mediante preguntas abiertas, entre marzo de 2016 y febrero de 2017, y se evaluaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: los motivos del sufrimiento psicológico fueron las dificultades de adaptación de los universitarios al inicio del curso, los conflictos durante la formación y las expectativas sobre el final de la graduación. Ante esto, las consecuencias identificadas fueron dificultades dietéticas, estrés y síntomas de depresión. La forma de vida de los estudiantes universitarios está influenciada por las experiencias académicas, incluidos los hábitos alimentarios, el exceso de trabajo y la falta de ocio. Pueden ser precursores de problemas de salud graves, como la ideación suicida. Conclusión: se sugiere ampliar las estrategias de prevención y manejo clínico en la universidad vinculadas a los servicios de salud mental.

Psychological aspects of the pandemic and the challenges of an online emergency support project / Aspectos psicológicos da pandemia e os desafios de um projeto de atendimento emergencial online / Aspectos psicológicos de la pandemia y los retos de un proyecto de atención en emergencia en línea

The emergence of international public health resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic generates many repercussions that provoke and amplify psychological suffering, increasing the demand for psychological attention. Given the developing situation, this research aimed to analyze the psychological aspects related to the pandemic through the demands met in the project "Emergency Psychological Support Online", implemented by a federal university. This research was carried out with 230 users, whose data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Thematic Content Analysis. The results showed the sociodemographic profile of the users attended, showing aspects of the pre-existing psychosocial vulnerability to the pandemic, and are the main complaints/symptoms: (1) anxiety and stress, (2) emotional complaints, (3) problems associated with routine, and (4) economic impacts. The psychological attention offered in this scenario assumes an important role considering psychological demands, configuring a possible break with the limitations of access to clinical care during the pandemic.

A emergência de saúde pública internacional decorrente da pandemia por COVID-19 gerou inúmeras repercussões que provocaram e ampliaram o sofrimento psíquico, aumentando significativamente a demanda por atenção psicológica. Diante disso, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os aspectos psicológicos relacionados à pandemia através das demandas atendidas no projeto "Atendimento Psicológico Emergencial online", implementado por uma universidade federal. A pesquisa foi realizada com 230 usuários, cuja análise de dados ocorreu por estatísticas descritivas e Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os resultados apontaram o perfil sociodemográfico dos usuários atendidos, denotando aspectos da vulnerabilidade psicossocial preexistente à pandemia, e figuram como principais queixas/sintomas: (1) ansiedade e estresse, (2) queixas emocionais, (3) problemas associados à rotina, e (4) impactos econômicos. A atenção psicológica ofertada na modalidade online, diante do cenário de crise, assume importante protagonismo no enfrentamento às demandas psicológicas, configurando uma via de possível rompimento com as limitações de acesso ao atendimento clínico durante a pandemia.

La emergencia en la salud pública internacional en función de la pandemia del COVID-19 generó innumerables repercusiones que provocaron y ampliaron el sufrimiento psíquico, aumentando significativamente la demanda de atención psicológica. Frente a eso, la investigación tuvo el objetivo de analizar los aspectos psicológicos relacionados a la pandemia a través de las demandas del "Proyecto de Atención Psicológica de Emergencia en línea", implementado por una universidad federal de Brasil. La investigación fue realizada con 230 usuarios y el análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la estadística descriptiva y el análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados apuntaron el perfil sociodemográfico de los usuarios atendidos, denotando aspectos de la vulnerabilidad psicosocial preexistente a la pandemia y figuran como principales quejas/síntomas: (1) ansiedad y estrés, (2) quejas emocionales, (3) problemas asociados a la rutina e (4) impactos económicos. La atención psicológica ofrecida en la modalidad en línea, frente al escenario de crisis, asume importante protagonismo en el enfrentamiento a las demandas psicológicas, configurando una vía de posible rompimiento con las limitaciones de acceso a la atención clínica durante la pandemia .